Creative Impulse Resource Page:

Political Revolution

I have attempted to list these chronologically so the reader understands the evolution of political thought

Nicolo Machaivelli (1469-1527) - one paragraph bio from ILTweb  Machiavelli  - IEP  The Prince - entire text on line

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1579) - one paragraph bio from ILTweb  Social Contract - one paragraph overview  Social Contract Theory - IEP- explanation of the political philosophy of Hobbes and company.  Hobbes - IEP - excellent in depth bio and intext list of his works  Argument for the State text only

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) one paragraph bio from ILTweb  Descartes - Catholic Encyclopedia - very detailed bio and explanation of Cartesian philosophy.

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) - one paragraph bio from ILTweb  Ethics - entire text of all five parts  Studia Spinoziana - store house of info on the life, times and philosophy

Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) - one long page bio from Catholic Encyclopedia

John Locke (1632-1704) one page bio from ILTweb with links to his works  Empiricism text only  Essay Concerning Human Understanding text only  Second Treatise text only  Locke - very detailed bio and explanation of his writings from IEP

Voltaire (1694-1778)  - nice site from Lucid Cafe...bio, links and more  Treatise on Toleration text only  Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary

Hume (1711-1776) -IEP - one page bio and explanation of his works.

Rousseau (1712-1778) - one paragraph bio from ILTweb  Rousseau - very detailed bio and explanation of his writings from IEP

Kant (1724-1804) - one paragraph bio from ILTweb  Kant - Catholic Encyclopedia - very detailed bio and explanation of his philosophy.

Burke (1729-1797) - one page bio and very nice explanation of his ideas on government and a link to the text of a speech given to Parliament on taxation.

Jeromy Bentham (1748-1832) - Malaspina - links to a very short bio and to some of his works.  Bentham- one nice paragraph bio from ILTweb plus a link to Utilitarianism

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) - very extensive bio and links to the times and several of his speeches and writings  Dec. of Independence - entire text on line  Rights Theory - IEP -very good explanation of rights and duties. A must read for all students  The Federalist Papers - the text of the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence and 85 articles of the Federalist papers on line.

Hegel (1770-1831) - one nice paragraph bio from ILTweb  Hegel Page - from Microsoft Encarta- one very nice bio, a picture, and an explanation of his theories.

Mill (1806-1873) - one nice paragraph bio from ILTweb plus a link to Utilitarianism  JS Mill - very detailed bio and explanation of his writings from IEP

Karl Marx (1818-1883) - a picture, a paragraph explanation and a list of notable quotes. Please check out the quotes.

Political Theorists and Activists: Biographies of many of the famous ones

Scientific Revolution

16th Century

Nicholas Copernicus - short bio and revolutionary ideas (heliocentric theory)

Tycho Brahe - lecture notes of Michael Fowler from the University of Virginia.....bio and scientific interests (planetary orbits)

Galileo Galilei - short bio, scientific ideas, (applied mathematics, physics and astronomy) and problems with the Church  Galileo Project Home Page*** - from Rice University an outstanding site with a very complete presentation of the life and world of Galileo. Maps, images, his home, cities, a timeline. This is a must see for all students

Johannes Kepler - bio and work on astronomy (elliptical orbits and mathematical laws of planetary motion)

Rene Descartes - from the Catholic Encyclopedia, a very detailed bio with information on his contributions to the development of the scientific method, mathematics and his thoughts on the metaphysical world.  Descartes - bio and work on algebra and geometry (Cartesian Geometry)

Robert Hooke - nice bio and information on his microscope and experimentation in the field of biology.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek - bio and important work with biology, bacteria and the microscope.

Sir Isaac Newton - bio and work on differential and integral calculus plus works on optics and gravitation.

Blaise Pascal  - bio plus work on  projective geometry and foundation of the Theory of Probability.

Benjamin Franklin - a wonderful site from the Franklin Institute. An impressive bio dealing with the accomplishments of this multi-faceted creative man, the scientist (Electricity), inventor, statesman, musician, printer, philosopher and economist.

Joseph Fourier - very interesting bio of the life of a teacher-scientist during the French Revolution. Nice explanation of his contributions to the Analytic Theory of Heat.

Anton Lavoisier - very nice bio of the founder of Modern Chemistry

Joseph Priestley  - excellent one page bio of life and scientific contributions. ry

John Dalton - one paragraph on the man who proposed the Atomic Theory

Sir Charles Lyell - one paragraph about his work on the Age of the Earth and Evolution

Charles Darwin - one page bio, a little about Origin of the Species and Descent of Man and a chart of possible Evolutionary Relationships

Gregor Mendel - one nice page on the life and work on the Theories of Heredity

Louis Pasteur - The Life and Times of Louis Pasteur, a lecture presented by David V. Cohn at the University Louisville in 1996, deals with Pasteur's contribution to the Germ Theory of Disease

Marie Curie - one very nice page about the life and contributions of this Nobel Prize winner in both Physics and Chemistry (Radioactive Elements) Sigmund Freud - one page bio on the life and work with Psycho-analysis

General References

Catalog of the Scientific Community: 16th and 17th Centuries - from the Galileo Project at Rice University searchable database of 631 biographies of the scientific minds of the times. Outstanding info

History of Mathematics*** - Mac Tutor History of Mathematics archive This is so complete I believe anyone who has ever added a column of figures is listed here. This is a great resource

History of the Microscope - from Duke University, six pages on the development of the light microscope, pictures and drawings accompany the text. Very nice site.

History of Science and Technology  - nice list of links to Scientists and scientific "stuff" on the web.

History of Science, Technology and Medicine - resources, collections, documents, searchable biographical dictionary, museums, exhibits and images and so much more. Very valuable resource.

Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific Revolution - links to primary docs relating to the area

Malaspina Great Books presents the bios and works of scientists of these periods: Renaissance Science - da Vinci, Copernicus, Galileo, Versalius, Bacon and four more. Science during the Age of Newton - Harvey, Pascal, Newton, Descartes, Franklin and ten more  Science: Classical 1750-1820 - Dalton, Lavoisier, and five others.  Science: Romantic 1820-1900 - Faraday, Mendel, Lyell and ten more scientific contributors are covered.

Modern Science  - Twenty-six entries including, Einstein, Freud, Whitehead, Curie

Scientific Revolution - from Professor Gerhard Rempel, Western New England College. , an overview of the beginnings of the people, events and inventions of the early scientific revolution. Very well written and an interesting read. Chronology of Scientific Developments - one long page of the scientists and their contributions from Copernicus-1514 to Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon in 1969..... Good Stuff here.

Art

See Art of the Enlightenment Period (my page - a tremendous number of links )

David - from the  Web Museum - a nice bio and several paintings of Napoleon and Classical subjects. David - from  cgjackson - a very nice bio and 22 images  Jacques-Louis David: Stage Manager of the Revolution  - Abstract of Elizabeth Barkley Wilson's essay on the role played by the French Neoclassical painter during the French Revolution, defining David as its propaganda minister.

The French Revolution in the Popular Imagination: A Tale of Two Cities

 Antoine-Jean Gros (Web Museum) - Napoleon's official battle painter. Two clickable paintings shown one of Nap. and one of The Battlefield of Eylau.  Gros, Antoine-Jean Baron - from CGJ - four paintings

Neoclassical Art of the French Revolution - This essay, which was originally delivered at the March 1998 conference, Charles Dickens and His Work, at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, and then placed on the conference website, has been graciously shared with readers of the Victorian Web by Laurence Raw, British Studies Manager, The British Council, Turkey.

Prints of the American Revolution - seven prints listed and linked but only one has an image at this time.

Revolution and restoration (1740-1860): France - Web Museum - examples of Classicism, Realism and Romanticism

Revolutionary War Songs - Great site, titles, lyrics and even audio if you are set up for it.

John Trumbull: Artist of the Revolution - from the Early America Review, a bio of the artist and a copy of his painting, The Surrender of Cornwallis